When you see a BMI over 30, it’s easy to jump to conclusions: obesity, and therefore, poorer health. But is it really that straightforward? Let’s take a closer look at what a Body Mass Index (BMI) over 30 actually means for your health.
The Case of Rugby Players: BMI Isn’t Always the Full Story
Imagine a rugby player: strong, muscular, and often weighing in at a BMI that technically classifies them as obese. Yet, these athletes are far from unhealthy. Their muscle mass skews the BMI calculation, making it a poor indicator of their actualhealth.
But what about the rest of us who aren’t professional athletes?
Understanding the Complex Reality of Obesity
A BMI over 30kg/m2 signals obesity, and the immediate assumption is that this number correlates with sickness. While sub-optimal body compositions is indeed a risk factor for various metabolic conditions, including Type 2 Diabetes, the picture is more nuanced. Here’s what you need to know:
Around 20% of people with obesity (BMI over 30) are metabolically healthy. They have optimal insulin levels and have a lower risk of developing metabolic conditions.
Thin on the Outside, Fat on the Inside (TOFI):
On the flip side, up to 40% of those with a “normal” BMI can have the same metabolic conditions typically associated with obesity. They are at risk for Type 2 Diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and more. These individuals have internal fat deposits that compromise their health, despite appearing “slim”.
The Real Culprit: Fat Distribution
Emerging research points out that it’s not the weight on the scales but the distribution of fat that matters. Here’s a breakdown of different fat types and theirimpact:
- Subcutaneous Fat: This is the fat just under your skin, like that on your thighs and buttocks. It’s often metabolically neutral and has historically helped humans survive winter. In excess, it can trigger inflammation, but generally, it’s less harmful.
- Adipose Tissue (Belly Fat): Commonly known as belly or beer belly fat, adipose tissue is linked to stress hormones like cortisol. This type of fat is associated with metabolic conditions, including Type 2 Diabetes and cardiovascular issues. It also affects hunger regulation by producing leptin, a hormone that can lead to overeating when resistance builds up.
- Visceral Fat: The most concerning type, visceral fat, accumulates around internal organs. High intakes of alcohol, trans fats, and ultra-processed foods contribute to its formation. Visceral fat can disrupt organ function, leading to serious health conditions like fatty liver disease and impaired insulin production, even in relatively small amounts.
The Bottom Line: Weight Isn’t the Whole Story
Your BMI is just one piece of the puzzle. Managing your health, particularly regarding conditions like diabetes, requires a holistic understanding of your body’s fat distribution and metabolic function. The number on the scale doesn’t determine your health status by itself. For personalised advice on managing fat types and improving your metabolic health, book a consultation with the Nourish team today. Let’s work together to see beyond the BMI and achieve true well-being
